From placements to ecosystems: a gender responsive university industry model for sustainable female graduate employment in Uganda

Abstract

Globally, equitable female labour force participation is essential for sustainable development and inclusive economic growth, as reflected in Sustainable Development Goals 5 and 8. Despite increased female educational attainment, many women continue to face challenges transitioning from higher education into meaningful and sustainable employment, particularly in STEM and technical fields. In Uganda, weak university–industry linkages further constrain the alignment between graduate training and labour market needs. This study examines how innovative university–industry ecosystems can be developed beyond traditional internship models to support sustainable career pathways for female graduates at Kyambogo University. Specifically, it explores: (i) the contribution of existing university–industry linkages to female employability; (ii) the structural and gendered barriers limiting sustainable employment outcomes; and (iii) the ecosystem components needed to foster long-term, gender-responsive career pathways. Guided by Innovation Ecosystems Theory, the study employed a qualitative case study design. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions involving female students, university administrators, and industry partners. Thematic analysis was conducted using iterative inductive and deductive coding, supported by triangulation, member checking, and peer debriefing to enhance credibility. Findings indicate that internship-based approaches alone are insufficient to overcome systemic barriers to female employment. Sustainable outcomes require collaborative partnerships where industry actively contributes to curriculum design, structured mentorship, skills development, and training infrastructure, supported by continuous feedback mechanisms. The study proposes a gender-responsive university–industry ecosystem framework aligned with Uganda’s NDP IV, positioning vocational higher education as a driver of inclusive economic transformation and long-term female career advancement.