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Grouped discrete Hartley transform precoding for low-complexity PAPR reduction in ACO-OFDM visible light communication systems
(Journal of Optical Communications, 2026-09-07) Niwareeba, Roland; Birabwa, Denise Joanitah; Ssemakula, John Bosco
The high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) remains one of the major challenges affecting asymmetrically clipped optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (ACO-OFDM) systems used in visible light communication (VLC). Although transform precoding techniques such as discrete Hartley transform (DHT) precoding can effectively reduce PAPR, their computational complexity increases significantly as the number of subcarriers increases, limiting practical implementation in large-scale systems. In this paper, a grouped discrete Hartley transform (G-DHT) precoding scheme is proposed for low-complexity PAPR reduction in ACO-OFDM systems. The proposed technique partitions the input symbol vector into smaller groups and independently applies DHT precoding within each group before OFDM modulation. This significantly reduces computational complexity while preserving the PAPR reduction capability of conventional DHT precoding. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme achieves measurable PAPR reduction without noticeable bit error rate (BER) degradation. At a complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF) of 10−3, the proposed G-DHT scheme with group size G = 128 achieves approximately 0.95 dB PAPR reduction relative to conventional ACO-OFDM while reducing computational complexity by about 50 % compared with full DHT precoding. The results indicate that grouped DHT precoding provides an effective trade-off between PAPR reduction performance and implementation complexity in optical OFDM systems.
Industrial symbiosis and scalability of smallholder farming in Uganda
(Cogent Food & Agriculture, 2026-09-02) Sendawula, Kasimu; Mugarura, Jude Thaddeo; Turyakira, Peter; Alshehri, Reem Fihran; Najjinda, Shamirah; Nakandi, Annet
This study explored smallholder farmers’ perceptions of scalability, the industrial symbiotic practices they undertake, and the contribution of industrial symbiosis to farm scalability in Uganda. A multiple case study design was adopted, involving a purposive sample of 35 smallholder farmers from registered farmer groups in Luwero District, with data saturation reached at the 29th interview. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews conducted in the local language to ensure depth and clarity. It was then analyzed using thematic content analysis to identify key patterns and themes. The findings indicate that smallholder farmers perceive scalability as a multidimensional, practice-based process characterized by increased production, market expansion, efficient resource utilization, and enhanced operational capacity. Scalability is viewed as a dynamic process embedded in everyday farming activities. Industrial symbiosis is practiced through waste reuse, crop-livestock integration, alternative feed production, resource sharing, and knowledge exchange. These practices improve productivity, efficiency, and income, making industrial symbiosis a practical strategy for achieving farm scalability in resource-constrained settings. The study contributes to knowledge by providing a contextually grounded understanding of smallholder farm scalability, moving beyond linear interpretations. It offers empirical evidence on farm-level industrial symbiosis and demonstrates how these practices enhance productivity, efficiency, and adaptive capacity, providing novel insights into how resource-constrained farmers in Uganda achieve scalability.
Human resources training and development, value creation, and employee performance in the public service
(Cogent Business & Management, 2026-08-27) Wanyama, Seperia Bwadene; Eyamu, Samuel; Muganga, Christopher; Ndanyi, Davis Malowa; Sansa, Agnes
This study examines the relationship between human resource training and development (HRTD), involving training (HRT) and employee development (EMD), and employee performance in Uganda’s public service, focusing on the mediating role of human resource value creation (HRVC), comprising perceived HR strategic role and HR service quality. Using an explanatory quantitative survey, data were collected from 416 respondents across three ministries and seven local governments. Established measurement scales demonstrated strong reliability (Cronbach’s α = 0.820–0.885), while exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported construct reliability and validity. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations, hierarchical regression, and PROCESS bootstrapping. The findings indicate that training, employee development, perceived HR strategic role, and HR service quality are positively associated with employee performance. HRTD dimensions were also significantly associated with HRVC dimensions. Furthermore, perceived HR strategic role and HR service quality partially mediated the relationship between HRTD and employee performance. Drawing on Human Capital Theory, the Harvard HRM model, and the Resource-Based View, the study demonstrates how HRTD contributes to employee performance through HR value creation. The findings underscore the importance of strategic, value-driven HRTD systems that strengthen employee capabilities, HR service quality, and public sector performance.45
Is safety for non-motorized transport users truly a policy priority in Sub-Saharan Africa?
(International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion, 2026-08-26) Kironde, Joel; Byaruhanga, Chris Bic; Mukwaya, Paul Isolo; Khayesi, Meleckidzedeck; Byakagaba, Patrick; Al Bargi, Walid Abdullah; Nyachieo, Gladys
Non-motorized transport (NMT), particularly walking and cycling, constitutes a significant share of daily mobility in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), yet pedestrians and cyclists remain disproportionately affected by road traffic fatalities and injuries. This review examines whether NMT safety is substantively prioritized within transport policy regimes in SSA. It investigates how safety is framed in policy discourse, the extent to which commitments are institutionally and financially embedded, and whether implementation reflects genuine prioritization or symbolic inclusion. A systematic literature review guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) approach analyzed peer-reviewed studies, policy documents, and institutional reports published between 2000 and 2026. Findings indicate that while policy frameworks increasingly acknowledge vulnerable road users, implementation remains constrained by motorization-oriented planning, limited funding, and fragmented institutional responsibilities. NMT infrastructure is often treated as a secondary component of road projects, with funding frequently dependent on external support. Consequently, a persistent gap exists between policy rhetoric and safety outcomes, with continued high pedestrian and cyclist fatalities and injuries. The review concludes that NMT safety in SSA is not fully embedded in regulatory, institutional, and fiscal systems, highlighting the need for stronger coordination, inclusive design standards, and sustained funding.
Nutritional status and quality of life of older persons on Social Assistance Grant for Empowerment (SAGE) in Kampala city, central Uganda
(BMC Public Health, 2026-06-19) Ruma, Daniel Hendry; Tumusiime, Joy Francesca; Namayengo, Faith Muyonga; Shapiro, Norman Paul
Background Population ageing is a growing public health concern. Despite the Ugandan Government’s efforts, like the Social Assistance Grant for Empowerment (SAGE) programme, malnutrition and poor Quality of Life (QoL) are still older persons’ challenges. This study assessed the nutritional status and QoL of older persons on the SAGE programme in Kampala City, Central Uganda.
Methodology A cross-sectional study with a quantitative research approach was conducted. Data was collected in 2025 among 159 persons aged 80 years and above using a 24-hour recall, the 26-item World Health Organisation BREF, and anthropometric assessments. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, chi-square, analysis of variance, and regression. Statistical significance was read at p<0.05.
Results The mean (SD) meal frequency was 1.95±0.81, dietary diversity score (DDS) was 6.69±2.77 in the past 24 h, and Body Mass Index (BMI) was 22.8±4.5 kg/m². Intake of meat (16.7%), fruits (14.6%) and eggs (10.2%) was low. Underweight, overweight, and obesity prevalence were 18.9%, 22.6%, and 8.2%, respectively. Underweight odds were lower in males (AOR=0.36, CI: 0.14–0.92, p=0.032) and persons who consumed≥3 meals (AOR=0.04, CI: 0.01–0.34, p=0.003). The odds of overweight/obesity were higher among males (AOR=2.01, CI: 1.36–2.69, p=0.041). The mean (SD) overall QoL score was 52.27±15.75, with 23.3% of respondents having a good QoL. Males had higher odds of a poor QoL (AOR=2.45, CI: 1.53–3.04, p=0.021), while having secondary or higher education (AOR=0.25, CI: 0.11–0.57, p<0.001) and other income sources (AOR=0.32, CI: 0.28–1.38, p=0.027) protected against a poor QoL.
Conclusion The study highlights a double burden of malnutrition and poor QoL linked to sex, socioeconomic and dietary factors among older persons on the SAGE programme. This points to challenges emanating from gender and policy disparities among older persons in Uganda.