Department of History, Archeology and Heritage

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Browsing Department of History, Archeology and Heritage by Subject "Agriculture"

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    Agrarian evolution on wetlands in Kampala district 1900-2010
    (Kyambogo University (Unpublished work), 2024-06) Mubene, Eriya
    The study discusses the Agrarian evolution on wetlands of in Kampala District from 1900 2010.This is done by looking forward to examining the genesis of agrarian evolution on wetlands of Kinawataka, Luzira and Lubigi in Kampala, discussing the reasons for rapid transition of wetlands into agrarian spaces in Kampala as well as analysing the impact of agrarian evolution on wetlands in Kampala. To achieve these objectives, the research deployed a qualitative approach of data collection and analysis where data was collected using oral interviews from residents of Kinawataka, Luzira and Lubigi as well as key informants. Documentary review and observation were also used. Findings reveal that before colonialism, there was less encroachment on wetlands but events went on evolving from 1900 onwards as the colonialists took over uplands for administration and urbanisation pushing nationals around Kampala to wetlands for cultivation. In the immediate post-colonial Kampala (1960s to 1990), wetlands were not threatened by agrarian practices as much as they became in the late 1980s, through the 1990s and the 21st century. Findings point to dynamics of urbanisation, political violence, increased population and reluctance of the legal regime have facilitated the escalation of agrarian practices in Kinawataka, Luzira and Lubigi wetlands. Findings further show that as population in Kampala City grows, there is a number of people who have turned wetlands into urban farms as an alternative source of food, income and general livelihood because they are incapacitated to buy food on daily basis. Therefore, as agrarian practices evolve in Kampala wetlands overtime not as root practices but as induced practices by a number of push and pull factors, there is need for comprehensive approach to promote a peaceful co-existence between human agrarian practices and the ecosystem of wetlands. Implications and policy recommendations are therein indicated by the study. However, although the current study has investigated the genesis of agrarian evolution on wetlands in Kampala District, the reasons for rapid transition of wetlands into agrarian centres as well as the effects of agrarian evolution, its time scope is limited to 2010. Thus, leaving a knowledge gap on events that have evolved in the last decade regarding agrarian evolution on wetlands in Kampala to-date. Additionally, there is need to do more research on the history of institutional framework for wetland conservation in Kampala, a study on historical accounts on the impact of traditional control systems for land use on the conservation of wetlands in Kampala, a study seeking an examination of the impact of colonial legacy on land use systems on wetlands of Kampala.
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    The transformation of agriculture in Kigezi, western Uganda, 1500 - 2001
    (Kyambogo University(Unpublished work), 2025-04) Muyambi, Vicent
    This study investigated how agriculture in Kigezi region of south-western Uganda transformed between the years 1500 and 2001. The study was guided by three objectives: to discuss the nature of agriculture in the pre-colonial Kigezi region (1500-1911), to examine the ways in which the British colonial administration transformed agriculture in Kigezi region (1911-1961) and to assess how the transformation of agriculture impacted the economy and lives of people of Kigezi region from 1962 to 2011. The Modernisation Theory of Development as developed by Smith was used to analyse the transformation of Agriculture in Kigezi, 1500-2001. Qualitative data; both primary and secondary, was collected. Primary data was collected by use of oral interviews and archives, while secondary data was gathered from written sources. Public and private libraries with agricultural information were consulted for secondary data. Data collection tools used were interview guides and content analysis forms. In summary, the study found that the transformation of agriculture in Kigezi was gradual. In the pre-colonial period, traditional indigenous farming practices and crops dominated. Tools were rudimentary and made from iron and wood. Crops grown included millet, sorghum and potatoes, and were produced by use of family labour, on communally owned land. A shift from the use of rudimentary technology and tools to a more modernized agricultural sector backed by increasing mechanisation and industrialisation was realised in the colonial era (1911-1961). A number of new crops were introduced at the inception of alien rule in 1891 and continued up to 1908, although some of the crops which existed in pre-colonial times were maintained and improved through research in colonial and post-colonial period. Soil conservation practices and market trends significantly changed following the introduction of a monetary economy. The study concluded that the new monetary economy, together with supportive policies and continued investment by the postcolonial government of the Republic of Uganda tremendously increased agricultural production in Kigezi region from 1962 to 2001. The study adds to earlier arguments on transformation of agriculture in Uganda by highlighting the inter play between indigenous practices and external interventions over time. It under scores how the resilience and adaptability of local communities laid the foundation for agricultural advancements introduced during colonial and post-colonial periods. From this study, areas for further research would include examining gendered impacts on agricultural practices, comparative analyses with other regions, and exploring the environmental consequences of modernization policies to close the gaps that would have been left by this study.