Browsing by Author "Ogwok, Patrick"

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The conceptual framework for a combined food literacy and physical activity intervention to optimize metabolic health among women of reproductive age in urban Uganda
(BMC Public Health volume, 2022-02-18) Yiga, Peter; Lippevelde, Wendy Van; Seghers, Jan; Ogwok, Patrick; Tafiire, Henry; Muluuta, Susan Nakaayi; Matthys, Christophe
Background Metabolic health of urban Ugandans, mostly women, has increasingly become sub-optimal. As women are strategic for family behavioral change and do not meet WHO recommendations regarding dietary and physical activity (PA), there is an urgent need for science-based interventions to tackle unhealthy dietary and PA behaviors. Objective To develop a food literacy and PA promotion intervention to optimise metabolic health among women of reproductive age in urban Uganda. Methodology Steps 1- 6 of the Intervention Mapping protocol were used to design the intervention. Results Notable determinants from Step 1 were health/beauty paradox, nonfactual nutrition information, socio-cultural misconceptions around moderate PA, fruits, and vegetables. Others included gaps in food/PA knowledge, skills, and self-efficacy. We hypothesised that changing the overall existing behaviours in one intervention may meet strong resistance. Thus, we decided to go for gradual stepwise changes. Hence in step 2, three behavioural intervention objectives were formulated; (1) women evaluate the accuracy of nutrition and PA information., (2) engage in moderate intensity PA for at least 150 min a week, and (3) consume at least one portion of vegetables and one portion of fruit every day. Based on the food literacy model, intervention objectives were formulated into performance objectives and matrices of change objectives. In step 3 a combination of eleven behavioural change techniques were selected and translated into practical strategies to effect changes in determinants. In step 4, intervention components and materials were developed. The intervention consists of five interactive group sessions, 150 min each. Infographics on benefits/recommendations, vegetable recipes, and practical tips to eat more fruits, vegetables, and to engage more in PA are included. Personalised goals and action plans tailored to personal metabolic health and lifestyle needs, and environmental opportunities form the basis of the intervention. A randomized controlled trial is being conducted to evaluate the intervention (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04635332). Conclusions The intervention is novel, based on a holistic food literacy model. The intervention is built on determinants specific to urban Uganda, evidence based behavioural change theoretical models and techniques, detailing the hypothesised behavioural change mechanism. If effective, an evidence-based intervention will become available for reference in urban Uganda.
Determinants of dietary and physical activity behaviours among women of reproductive age in urban sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review
(Cambridge University Press: British Journal of Nutrition., 2020-05-28) Yiga, Peter; Seghers, Jan; Ogwok, Patrick; Matthys, Christophe
Urban sub-Saharan Africa is in a nutrition transition shifting towards consumption of energy-dense nutrient-poor diets and decreasing physical activity. Determinants of nutrition transition in sub-Saharan Africa are presently not well understood. The objective of this review was to synthesise available data on determinants of dietary and physical activity behaviours among women of reproductive age in urban sub-Saharan Africa according to the socio-ecological framework. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science and bibliographies of included articles for qualitative, observational and randomised controlled studies published in English from January 2000 to September 2018. Studies conducted within general populations of women aged 18–49 years were included. Searches were according to a predefined protocol published on PROSPERO (ID = CRD42018108532). Two reviewers independently screened identified studies. From a total of 9853 unique references, twenty-three studies were retained and were mainly from South and West Africa. No rigorous designed quantitative study was identified. Hence, data synthesis was narrative. Notable determinants of dietary behaviour included: convenience, finances, social network, food skills and knowledge gaps, food deserts and culture. Cultural beliefs include strong relationship between high social status and weight gain, energy-dense confectionery, salt or fat-rich foods. Physical activity is influenced by the fast-changing transport environment and cultural beliefs which instigate unfavourable gender stereotypes. Studies with rigorous qualitative and quantitative designs are required to validate and develop the proposed frameworks further, especially within East Africa. Nevertheless, available insights suggest a need for comprehensive skill-based interventions focusing on socio-cultural misconceptions and financial limitations.
Determinants of dietary and physical activity behaviours among women of reproductive age in urban Uganda, a qualitative study
(Cambridge University Press: British Journal of Nutrition., 2020-10-01) Yiga, Peter; Ogwok, Patrick; Achieng, Julian; Auma, Mary Devota; Seghers, Jan; Matthys, Christophe
To explore determinants of dietary and physical activity behaviours among women of reproductive age. Design: Data were collected through focus group discussions (FGD). The FGD guide was based on a modified theoretical framework; theory of planned behaviour was incorporated with constructs of health belief model, precaution adoption process model, social cognitive and social support theory. Discussions were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically. Setting: Kampala, Uganda. Participants: Women were categorised into young adults; 18–34 years and adults; 35–45 years Results: Separate FGD with independent participants were conducted for dietary and physical activity behaviours until data saturation was achieved. Six FGD were conducted per behaviour. Determinants of dietary behaviours at intra-individual level included gaps in food skills, knowledge and self-efficacy, food safety concerns, convenience, finances and physiological satisfaction. The social-cultural norms were relationship between vegetable consumption and low social status, consideration of fruits as a snack for children and not food and habitual orientation towards carbohydrate foods. At environment level, social networks and increased availability of energy-dense, nutrient poor, street and processed foods influence dietary behaviour. For physical activity, intra-individual determinants were knowledge gaps and self-efficacy, while socio-cultural norms included gender stereotypes. Home (limited space and sedentary entertainment like social media and TV) and physical environment (cheap motorised transportation) influence physical activity. Conclusion: The existing cultural beliefs promote dietary and physical activity behaviours which are divergent from healthy recommendations. Therefore, a comprehensive intervention is needed to address socio-cultural misconceptions, financial and time limitations in urban Uganda.
Fatty acid composition of muscle, liver, and adipose tissue of freshwater fish from Lake Victoria, Uganda
(Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology., 2011) Masa, Justus; Ogwok, Patrick; Muyonga, John Herbert; Kwetegyeka, Justus; Makokha, Vincent; Ocen, Denis
Fish oils may differ in fatty acid (FA) composition depending on diet. Oils extracted from muscle, liver, and adipose tissue of Nile perch (Lates niloticus), Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), silver fish (Rastrineobola argentea), lungfish (Protopterus aethiopicus), Victoria squeaker (Synodontis victoriae), and two catfishes (Clarias gariepinus and Bagrus docmac) from Lake Victoria, a tropical freshwater lake, were evaluated for FA composition. Oil contents of muscles, livers, and adipose tissues were in the range of 3.16 to 13.8%, 3.62 to 53.4%, and 28.8 to 42.4%, respectively. Omega-3 polyunsaturated FA, particularly alpha-linolenic (ALA), eicosapentaenoic (EPA), docosapentaenoic (DPA), and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids, were found to be in substantial amounts in oils from all seven fish species. Ratios of polyunsaturated FA to saturated FA (0.79 to 1.18) were in the range considered adequate for normal health. Overall, the results show that the fish species studied are a rich source of omega-3 polyunsaturated FA.
Morphometry of mango varieties and sociodemographic factors influencing mango production in Uganda
(International Journal on Food, Agriculture, and Natural Resources, 2025-03-27) Nakisozi, Henriettah; Ogwok, Patrick; Mugampoza, Diriisa
Mangoes are Uganda’s most extensively distributed fruit crop. This study documented the morphological characteristics of mango fruit varieties and farming practices aimed at developing value-added food products. A total of 390 mango growers participated in the survey. A digital weighing scale and Vernier caliper were used to measure the morphological characteristics of mango fruits at physiological maturity. Twenty-two mango varieties were identified. Kagoogwa, Apple mango, and Doodo were the common varieties grown by over 30% of the growers. Kent, Tommy Atkins, and Bire were also widely grown, as reported by over 20% of growers. Of the six commonly grown varieties, four were indigenous, namely, Kagoogwa, Apple mango, Doodo, and Bire. Kent recorded the highest fruit weight (830.00 g) and Koona had the lowest (107.50 g). Principal component (PC) analysis showed that PC1 and PC2 explained 85.93% of the overall variation in data. PC1 explained 76.06% of the variation and PC2 accounted for 9.87%. Both PC1 and PC2 were positively linked to fruit and pulp weights. However, PC1 had a substantial influence with an eigenvalue of 5.32 while PC2 had an eigenvalue of 1.69. Non-indigenous varieties were larger (p<0.05) and had more pulp than indigenous varieties. The study provides insights into mango diversity in Uganda and highlights the potential for commercial exploitation of these fruits in the development of nutrient-rich food products.
Nucleotide degradation products, total volatile basic nitrogen, sensory and microbiological quality of Nile perch(Lates niloticus) fillets under chilled storage
(Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Food sciences, 2012-11) Amegovu, Andrew Kiri; Sserunjogi, Mohammed Luyima; Ogwok, Patrick; Makokha, Vincent
Degradation products of adenosine nucleotide and total volatile basic nitrogen (TVBN) concentration provide means of ascertaining freshness of commercial fish products. A complementary sensory analysis has also been adopted by export markets for assessing the quality of fresh fish. Nucleotide breakdown products and TVBN was determined in fresh fillets from beach seined and gill netted Nile perch, a highly commercialized freshwater fish from Lake Victoria (Uganda), under chilled storage. Microbiological and sensory qualities were also evaluated. Total plate and Pseudomonas spp. counts positively correlated with TVBN. Basing on sensory, microbiological and biochemical attributes of the fillets, shelf-life of gill netted Nile perch was lower (13 days) than that of the beach seined (17 days). Fillets of beach seined Nile perch have a better keeping quality than that of the gill netted.
Organochlorine pesticide residues in skin, flesh and whole carrots (Daucus carota) from markets around Lake Victoria basin, Uganda
(Taylor & Francis online: International Journal of Environmental Studies., 2013) Nannyonga, Stella; Kiremire, Bernard T.; Ogwok, Patrick; Nyanzi, Steven A.; Sserunjogi, Mohammed L.; Wasswa, John
Residual concentrations of organochlorine pesticides in vegetables cause concern because of their adverse health effects. Pesticides have been applied in agricultural production and vector control in Uganda. Vegetables may absorb high residual levels of cyclodienes necessitating regular monitoring. Carrots are commonly consumed in Uganda as raw salads or components of different dishes. A gas chromatograph with electron capture detector was used to quantify organochlorine pesticides. Pesticide residues were confirmed by gas chromatography with a mass spectrometer. Trace amounts of 4,4′-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), 2,4′-DDT, 2,4′-dichlorodiphenylchloroethane (DDE), α- endosulphan, β-endosulphan, α-lindane, γ-lindane and dieldrin were detected in carrots. Levels of organochlorine residues in carrots were below the maximum residue limits considered safe for human consumption by Codex Alimentarius and the European Union Commission.